Early History of Bali
Indian Influence
By 100 AD, began the Indian Enfluss Java strengthened. In Sumatra rose in this period, the first Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya. From 670 AD, the Indian influence had indirect impact on Bali. While India Bali shaped culturally, the influence of China was largely confined to trade. For example, Chinese coins were used. Balinese, like Javanese royalty had never characterized its own coins. From this time period are the first traces of Buddhism in Bali. The source for this report provided by a Chinese scholar who had traveled named Yi-Tsing, the Bali at this time. Also at the same time were first Hindu hermitages. Getting Old Balinese inscriptions were dated to the year 832 AD and affect a hermitage (hermit settlement, monastery-like settlement) and the gods statue of Trunyan.
Rule of the Rajas of Bali
Inscriptions from the year 914 the first mention unnamed Raja. (Raja Sri Kesari Warmadewa). The Warmadewa dynasty was based in the area of Pejeng in Ubud. Through the influence of the dynasty, Buddhism spread rapidly in Bali and replaced the original religion of Bali Aga. headed by the 1000 AD accomplished marriage of Udayana (a descendant of the Warmadewa Dynasty) and the Javanese Princess Mahendradatta (daughter of Sri Makutawangsawardhana 985-1006 AD), the Udayana, increased the Javanese influence on Bali. Her son Erlangga (991 - about 1049 AD) there was later (1019 AD) over part of East Java. He conquered almost the entire area of East Java. In his reign the Javanese versions of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata have been created. After the death Udayanas there was a son of Erlangga, called on Dharmawangsa Wardhana Marakatapangkajasthanot Tunggadewa Bali. Between 1050 and 1078 the youngest son reigned Mahendadrattas and Udayanas, called on Paduka Haji
Wungsu Anak Bali. In that time Bali was relatively independent. He controlled a region of Sangsit to Klunkung. Bali remained independent until 1284. This year also captured the last known ruler of the dynasty Singosari (Raja Kertanegara), which enjoyed a golden age under him. The Pejeng dynasty was completely destroyed by the conquest. Kertanegara was one of the first rulers of Java, who had a vision of a united Indonesia. He was murdered 8 years after his expedition to Bali (Ekspedisi Pamalayu). Bali has thus again independent, but this independence ended in 1343, with the conquest of Gajah Mada (d. ca 1364), a minister and military leader (Mahapatih) of Majaphit dynasty. Bali is culturally dependent entirely on Java. The seat of government was transferred first to Samperngan near Gianyar (Gyanyar) (1350 AD) and later to Gelgel (1380 AD). Sri Kresna Kapakisan was appointed as the new king, and also introduced the Javanese management system. From 1400 it adopted the Islamic influence on Java, and led to the 1500 fall of the empire Majaphit. Many members of the elite, such as priests, aristocrats and artists moved from Java to look Gelgel. Other Herscherr converted to Islam and adopted the name Sultan. The temple of Tanah Lot was built a few years later. The Brahmin who had escaped from Java Pedanda Sakti construction roughness (also Danghyang Nirantha) to have been the initiator for the construction of this temple. According to legend, one day he saw a light above the sea on Bali's west coast. To this event to get to the bottom, he meditated on this and soon joined by students from the neighborhood around it. The resident priest, banebs Bendesa Beraben was jealous because he got his students to Nirantha and wanted to drive it. Nirantha caused with his magical powers, then, that moving a rock into the water. Also turned his scarf into snakes, guarding the island. Bendesa Beraben was thereafter also a supporter Niranthas. The Kingdom Gelgel experienced by the immigration of the elite from Java a significant upswing. The so-called "golden age" of Bali, the action in the domestic peace followed the immigration and over Bali came to cultural flowering. The shadow play (wayang kulit) and the gamelan players was taken over by the settlers to Bali. That's the caste system existing today date from this time. The dynasty ended in the 17th Gelgel Century. Klungkung in 1686 was the new center of power, although the power fragmented into several principalities. 1786 was the last lost on the existing Hindu kingdom of Java. Only in Bali, the Hindu faith could get, which is called today "Anganam Bali." Sir Stafford Raffles wrote this in 1817 published his "History of Java":
Up into the 19th Century resulted in Bali shifting alliances of the various principalities. Despite rivalries among all the princes had to accept the resident in Klungkung Raja Dewa Agung. In Klungkung beginning of the 18th Century, the Court of Klungkung institutionalized. It regulated the jurisdiction of regional, if not town or village courts were able to reach a final verdict.
Mid-18th Century conquered the Principality of Karangasem Balinese Anak Agung Ngurah under a big part of Lombok. Traces of Balinese influence in this period are reflected in Mayura Park In the middle of the park is a building (Balai Kambang) that as a meeting place, as was also the Court. The park was created in 1744 and was under construction, both Hindu, and Islamic. At the end of the 18th century spread the kingdom of Gianyar (Gyanyar), from that previously was between the rich Klungkung, Badung and Mengwi been split. The possibility of strengthening of the Empire arose from the weakness of the kingdom of Klungkung, that was severely weakened by the wars of Karangasem. The ambitious Panggawa the village of Gianyar (Gyanyar) and use this weakness with cunning and deceit, he came to power over a large area and was ruler of a reunited, Gianyar (Gyanyar). He received the first ruler of Gianyar (Gyanyars) the name of "Dewa Manggis" (= sweet god).
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